Perfecting A Solar Cell By Adding Imperfections (Science Daily)

  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::put() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/embed.php on line 32.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::_getCache() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 84.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::_performMaintenance() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 97.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::_getCache() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 167.
  • : Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/bootstrap.inc on line 43.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::containsKey() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/Gallery.class on line 914.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::_getCache() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 204.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::get() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/Gallery.class on line 914.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::_getCache() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 187.
  • : Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 854.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryUtilities::getRequestVariablesNoPrefix() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/embed.php on line 45.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_getRequestVariable() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 289.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_internalGetRequestVariable() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 874.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_internalGetRequestVariable() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 878.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 293.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 708.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 714.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryEmbed::init() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/solarcellsinfo.com/public_html/dyecell/modules/gallery2/gallery_base.inc on line 101.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::containsKey() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryEmbed.class on line 93.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::_getCache() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 204.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryEmbed::_saveState() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryEmbed.class on line 94.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/init.inc on line 42.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/init.inc on line 43.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/init.inc on line 44.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/init.inc on line 45.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryModule.class on line 21.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/init.inc on line 51.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryPlatform/UnixPlatform.class on line 21.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/init.inc on line 97.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::getServerVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUrlGenerator.class on line 356.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::getServerVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUrlGenerator.class on line 357.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 1381.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::getServerVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUrlGenerator.class on line 368.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 1381.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::getServerVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUrlGenerator.class on line 368.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 1381.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::isEmbedded() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUrlGenerator.class on line 380.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::containsKey() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/Gallery.class on line 914.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::_getCache() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 204.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::get() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/Gallery.class on line 914.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::_getCache() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 187.
  • : Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::getPluginParameter() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUrlGenerator.class on line 382.
  • : Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryCoreApi.class on line 235.
  • : Non-static method GalleryPluginHelper_simple::getParameter() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryCoreApi.class on line 237.
  • : Non-static method GalleryPluginHelper_simple::_fetchAllParameters() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryPluginHelper_simple.class on line 221.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::containsKey() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryPluginHelper_simple.class on line 281.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::_getCache() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 204.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::getFromDisk() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryPluginHelper_simple.class on line 286.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::_getCache() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 274.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::getCachePath() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 281.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::getCacheTuple() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 447.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::put() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryPluginHelper_simple.class on line 290.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::_getCache() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 84.
  • : Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/Gallery.class on line 284.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::identifySearchEngine() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GallerySession.class on line 207.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::getRequestVariables() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GallerySession.class on line 217.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_getRequestVariable() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 241.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_internalGetRequestVariable() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 874.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_internalGetRequestVariable() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 878.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 246.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 708.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 714.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::strToLower() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GallerySession.class on line 228.
  • : Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/Gallery.class on line 971.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::getServerVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GallerySession.class on line 1242.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 1381.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::getRemoteHostAddress() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GallerySession.class on line 1243.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::isTrustedProxy() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 990.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryUtilities::getRequestVariables() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/init.inc on line 127.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_getRequestVariable() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 242.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_internalGetRequestVariable() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 874.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_internalGetRequestVariable() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 878.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 246.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 708.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 714.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/init.inc on line 129.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryTranslator::getSupportedLanguageCode() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/init.inc on line 131.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryTranslator::getLanguageData() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryTranslator.class on line 398.
  • : Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/Gallery.class on line 525.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::put() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryEmbed.class on line 103.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::_getCache() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 84.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryEmbed::isCompatibleWithEmbedApi() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryEmbed.class on line 107.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryEmbed::getApiVersion() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryEmbed.class on line 60.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryUtilities::isCompatibleWithApi() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryEmbed.class on line 60.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryEmbed::checkActiveUser() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryEmbed.class on line 120.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::containsKey() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryEmbed.class on line 128.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::_getCache() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 204.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::getRequestVariables() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUrlGenerator.class on line 826.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_getRequestVariable() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 241.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_internalGetRequestVariable() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 874.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_internalGetRequestVariable() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 878.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_getRequestVariable() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 241.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_internalGetRequestVariable() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 874.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_internalGetRequestVariable() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 878.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_getRequestVariable() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 241.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_internalGetRequestVariable() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 874.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_internalGetRequestVariable() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 878.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_getRequestVariable() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 241.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_internalGetRequestVariable() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 874.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_internalGetRequestVariable() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 878.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 246.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 708.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 714.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 708.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 714.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 708.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 714.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 708.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 714.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::getAllFactoryImplementationIds() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/init.inc on line 156.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryCoreApi.class on line 152.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryFactoryHelper_simple::getAllImplementationIds() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryCoreApi.class on line 153.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryFactoryHelper_simple::_getFactoryData() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryFactoryHelper_simple.class on line 214.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryFactoryHelper_simple::_getSingleton() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryFactoryHelper_simple.class on line 63.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::newFactoryInstanceById() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/init.inc on line 163.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryCoreApi.class on line 139.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryFactoryHelper_simple::newInstanceById() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryCoreApi.class on line 140.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryFactoryHelper_simple::_getFactoryData() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryFactoryHelper_simple.class on line 192.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryFactoryHelper_simple::_getSingleton() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryFactoryHelper_simple.class on line 63.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryFactoryHelper_simple::newInstance() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryFactoryHelper_simple.class on line 202.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryFactoryHelper_simple::_getFactoryData() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryFactoryHelper_simple.class on line 141.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryFactoryHelper_simple::_getSingleton() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryFactoryHelper_simple.class on line 63.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::newFactoryInstanceById() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/init.inc on line 163.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryCoreApi.class on line 139.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryFactoryHelper_simple::newInstanceById() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryCoreApi.class on line 140.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryFactoryHelper_simple::_getFactoryData() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryFactoryHelper_simple.class on line 192.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryFactoryHelper_simple::_getSingleton() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryFactoryHelper_simple.class on line 63.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryFactoryHelper_simple::newInstance() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryFactoryHelper_simple.class on line 202.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryFactoryHelper_simple::_getFactoryData() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryFactoryHelper_simple.class on line 141.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryFactoryHelper_simple::_getSingleton() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryFactoryHelper_simple.class on line 63.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::getPluginBaseDir() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryFactoryHelper_simple.class on line 170.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryFactoryHelper_simple.class on line 176.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/httpauth/classes/HttpAuthPlugin.class on line 21.
  • : Non-static method HttpAuthHelper::getHttpAuth() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/httpauth/classes/HttpAuthPlugin.class on line 40.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::getServerVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/httpauth/classes/HttpAuthHelper.class on line 148.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::getServerVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/httpauth/classes/HttpAuthHelper.class on line 149.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::getServerVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/httpauth/classes/HttpAuthHelper.class on line 150.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::getRequestVariables() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/httpauth/classes/HttpAuthHelper.class on line 152.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_getRequestVariable() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 241.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_internalGetRequestVariable() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 874.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::_internalGetRequestVariable() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 878.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 246.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 708.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::sanitizeInputValues() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUtilities.class on line 714.
  • : Non-static method GalleryUtilities::getServerVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/httpauth/classes/HttpAuthHelper.class on line 155.
  • : Non-static method HttpAuthHelper::getUser() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/httpauth/classes/HttpAuthPlugin.class on line 42.
  • : Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::fetchAllPluginParameters() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/httpauth/classes/HttpAuthHelper.class on line 182.
  • : Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryCoreApi.class on line 251.
  • : Non-static method GalleryPluginHelper_simple::fetchAllParameters() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryCoreApi.class on line 253.
  • : Non-static method GalleryPluginHelper_simple::_fetchAllParameters() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryPluginHelper_simple.class on line 243.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::containsKey() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryPluginHelper_simple.class on line 281.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::_getCache() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 204.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::getFromDisk() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryPluginHelper_simple.class on line 286.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::_getCache() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 274.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::getCachePath() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 281.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::getCacheTuple() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 447.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::put() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryPluginHelper_simple.class on line 290.
  • : Non-static method GalleryDataCache::_getCache() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 84.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::getAnonymousUserId() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/init.inc on line 180.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::getPluginParameter() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryCoreApi.class on line 2961.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryCoreApi.class on line 236.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryPluginHelper_simple::getParameter() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryCoreApi.class on line 238.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryPluginHelper_simple::_fetchAllParameters() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryPluginHelper_simple.class on line 222.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::containsKey() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryPluginHelper_simple.class on line 281.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::_getCache() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 204.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::get() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryPluginHelper_simple.class on line 282.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::_getCache() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 187.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::loadEntitiesById() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/init.inc on line 185.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryCoreApi.class on line 2258.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryEntityHelper_simple::loadEntitiesById() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryCoreApi.class on line 2259.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::containsKey() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryEntityHelper_simple.class on line 53.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::_getCache() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 204.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::getFromDisk() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryEntityHelper_simple.class on line 56.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::_getCache() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 274.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::getCachePath() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 281.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::getCacheTuple() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 408.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 288.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUser.class on line 21.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryEntity.class on line 21.
  • strict warning: Declaration of GalleryUser::create() should be compatible with GalleryEntity::create() in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUser.class on line 42.
  • strict warning: Declaration of GalleryUser::save() should be compatible with GalleryEntity::save($postEvent = true, $setAclId = NULL) in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryUser.class on line 42.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::put() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryEntityHelper_simple.class on line 95.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::_getCache() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 84.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::put() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryEmbed.class on line 133.
  • strict warning: Non-static method GalleryDataCache::_getCache() should not be called statically in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryDataCache.class on line 84.
  • : Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/Gallery.class on line 419.
  • : Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryStorage.class on line 275.
  • : Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryStorage.class on line 30.
  • : Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/lib/adodb/adodb.inc.php on line 921.
  • : Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/lib/adodb/adodb.inc.php on line 1996.
  • : Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/lib/adodb/adodb.inc.php on line 2068.
  • : mysql_connect(): The mysql extension is deprecated and will be removed in the future: use mysqli or PDO instead in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/lib/adodb/drivers/adodb-mysql.inc.php on line 366.
  • warning: mysql_connect(): Access denied for user 'tamileli_gllr1'@'localhost' (using password: YES) in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/lib/adodb/drivers/adodb-mysql.inc.php on line 366.
  • : Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::error() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryStorage.class on line 226.
  • : Non-static method GalleryCoreApi::requireOnce() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/tamileli/domains/tamilelibrary.org/public_html/gallery2/modules/core/classes/GalleryCoreApi.class on line 2751.
  • : Function ereg() is deprecated in /home/tamileli/domains/solarcellsinfo.com/public_html/dyecell/includes/file.inc on line 647.
  • : Function ereg() is deprecated in /home/tamileli/domains/solarcellsinfo.com/public_html/dyecell/includes/file.inc on line 647.
  • : Function ereg() is deprecated in /home/tamileli/domains/solarcellsinfo.com/public_html/dyecell/includes/file.inc on line 647.
  • : Function ereg() is deprecated in /home/tamileli/domains/solarcellsinfo.com/public_html/dyecell/includes/file.inc on line 647.
  • : Function ereg() is deprecated in /home/tamileli/domains/solarcellsinfo.com/public_html/dyecell/includes/file.inc on line 647.
  • : Function ereg() is deprecated in /home/tamileli/domains/solarcellsinfo.com/public_html/dyecell/includes/file.inc on line 647.
  • : Function ereg() is deprecated in /home/tamileli/domains/solarcellsinfo.com/public_html/dyecell/includes/file.inc on line 647.
  • : Function ereg() is deprecated in /home/tamileli/domains/solarcellsinfo.com/public_html/dyecell/includes/file.inc on line 647.
  • : Function ereg() is deprecated in /home/tamileli/domains/solarcellsinfo.com/public_html/dyecell/includes/file.inc on line 647.
  • : Function ereg() is deprecated in /home/tamileli/domains/solarcellsinfo.com/public_html/dyecell/includes/file.inc on line 647.

By kalyan - Posted on 14 July 2008

Source: ScienceDaily, June 18, 2008
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/06/080616163421.htm

Nanotechnology is paving the way toward improved solar cells. New research shows that a film of carbon nanotubes may be able to replace two of the layers normally used in a solar cell, with improved performance at a lower cost. Researchers have found a surprising way to give the nanotubes the properties they need: add defects. Currently, these solar cells, called dye-sensitized solar cells, have a transparent film made of an oxide that is applied to glass and conducts electricity. In addition, a separate film made of platinum acts as a catalyst to speed the chemical reactions involved.

Both of these materials have disadvantages, though. The oxide films can't easily be applied to flexible materials: they perform much better on a rigid and heat resistant substrate like glass. This increases costs and limits the kinds of products that can be made. And expensive equipment is necessary to create the platinum films. Jessika Trancik of the Santa Fe Institute, Scott Calabrese Barton of Michigan State University and James Hone of Columbia University decided to use carbon nanotubes to create a single layer that could perform the functions of both the oxide and platinum layers. They needed it to have three properties: transparency, conductivity, and catalytic activity.

Ordinary carbon nanotubes films are so-so in each of these properties. The obvious ways of improving one, though, sacrifice one of the others. For example, making the film thicker makes it a better catalyst, but then it's less transparent. Previous theory had suggested that materials may function better as catalysts when they have tiny defects, providing sites for chemicals to attach. So the researchers tried exposing the carbon nanotubes to ozone, which roughs them up a bit. Very thin films, they found, became dramatically better catalysts, with more than ten-fold improvement.

Thin, transparent nanotube films catalyze the reduction of triiodide, a reaction important for the dye-sensitized solar cell, with a charge-transfer resistance as measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy that decreases with increasing film thickness. Moreover the catalytic activity can be enhanced by exposing nanotubes to ozone to introduce defects. Ozone-treated, defective nanotube films could serve as catalytic, transparent, conducting electrodes for the dye-sensitized solar cell. Other applications include batteries, fuel cells, and electroanalytical devices.

In fact, the performance gets close to that of platinum. "That's remarkable," Trancik says, "because platinum is considered pretty much the best catalyst there is." In order to address the trade-off between transparency and conductivity, the researchers tried another trick on a bottom layer of tubes: they created carbon nanotubes that were longer. This improved both conductivity and transparency. The carbon nanotube films might be used in fuel cells and batteries as well.

"This study is an example of using nanostructuring of materials -- changing things like defect density and tube length at very small scales -- to shift trade-offs between materials properties and get more performance out of a given material," Trancik says. "Making inexpensive materials behave in advanced ways is critical for achieving low-carbon emissions and low cost energy technologies."

The researchers published their results recently in Nano Letters. They are currently in the process of filing a patent application for their techniques.

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